Deep space exploration exposes astronauts to significant health risks due to chronic galactic cosmic radiation (GCR), particularly high-linear energy transfer (high-LET) heavy ion (HZE) radiation, which induces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cognitive decline. This study investigates two promising countermeasures—melatonin supplementation, low-dose radiation preconditioning, and their combination—to mitigate GCR-induced central nervous system (CNS) damage. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism, we will assess the neuroprotective efficacy of these interventions under acute HZE irradiation and compare their effects with both acute and chronic gamma radiation exposure at dose rates relevant to Lunar (0.4 Sv) and Martian (1.0 Sv) missions.
Our objectives are threefold: (1) to generate directly comparable biomarker data across different radiation types (HZE, acute and chronic gamma) to refine space radiation risk models; (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of melatonin and low-dose radiation preconditioning in mitigating neurocognitive impairments; and (3) to investigate sex-specific differences in radiation responses in male and female zebrafish exposed during larval stages. Given their genetic homology to humans, rapid development, and scalability for high-throughput studies, zebrafish offer a powerful, ethical, and cost-effective platform for assessing systemic radiation effects in space radiobiology research.

This project directly addresses research priorities outlined by ESA and NASA, providing critical data on radiation-induced CNS effects and potential countermeasures to safeguard astronaut health. By systematically comparing acute and chronic radiation exposures, the study will enhance risk assessment frameworks and inform countermeasure strategies essential for future deep space missions. Additionally, the project strengthens collaboration between Europe and Canada in advancing space health sciences.

Sustainable Development Goals

Masaryk University is committed to the UN Sustainable Development Goals, which aim to improve the conditions and quality of life on our planet by 2030.